You can start looking in the AL_HISTORY table. Anyway, since the End job details (either succesfull or failed) are written after the job ends (logically) you cannot capture that in the job… but you can write the JOB ID when the job starts in a table and then use it to reference the OBJECT_KEY of the history to get the rest of the information.
Ther are other ways, but this could help you to start solving your requirements,